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Cruise vacations are often imagined as carefree escapes on the open ocean. However, the reality is that cruise ships are like floating cities where thousands of people live, work, and interact in a confined space. With that dynamic comes the possibility of misunderstandings, disputes, and, unfortunately, accusations of criminal behavior.

Being accused of a crime on a cruise ship can feel overwhelming because the laws governing these cases are complex, the jurisdiction may be unclear, and the accused may feel isolated, far from home. Understanding the possible legal defenses available in these situations can make a major difference in protecting your rights and future.

Understanding Jurisdiction in Cruise Ship Crimes

Before diving into defenses, it is important to understand who has the authority to prosecute cruise ship crimes. This question is not always straightforward. Cruise ships often sail under a foreign flag, carry passengers of multiple nationalities, and stop in ports across different countries.

Jurisdiction of cruise ship crimes can depend on where the ship was when the alleged crime occurred, the nationality of the accused or the victim, and the laws of the flag state of the ship. In many cases involving United States passengers or ships departing from U.S. ports, federal authorities such as the FBI may investigate, and the complexity in these cases can open the door to jurisdictional defenses, where the defense challenges whether the prosecuting authority even has the right to bring charges.

Common Types of Crimes on Cruise Ships

Accusations on cruise ships vary widely, from theft and assault to more serious allegations such as sexual misconduct or drug offenses. Sometimes the accusations arise from misunderstandings in crowded or alcohol-fueled environments. Other times, they stem from cultural differences, language barriers, or misinterpretations of behavior.

Because of the unique setting, defending against these charges often requires addressing not only the facts but also the environment in which the alleged incident occurred.

Key Legal Defenses Available

Lack of Jurisdiction

One of the most powerful defenses in cruise ship crime cases is arguing that the court bringing charges has no authority. If a crime allegedly occurred in international waters on a ship flagged under another country, that country may have primary jurisdiction. If the case involves foreign nationals, prosecutors may struggle to establish legal grounds for pursuing charges in the United States, and this defense can sometimes lead to dismissal before the facts are even weighed.

Mistaken Identity

Cruise ships are crowded spaces with thousands of passengers and crew members. In the confusion, it is not uncommon for someone to misidentify an individual as a perpetrator. Surveillance cameras exist on most ships, but they may not capture every detail or angle. A defense of mistaken identity can highlight inconsistencies in eyewitness testimony and point to the possibility that the wrong person was accused.

Lack of Evidence

Like any criminal case, the burden of proof rests on the prosecution. On a cruise ship, gathering and preserving evidence is often more challenging than on land. Witnesses may be scattered across different countries once the ship docks, physical evidence may not be collected properly, and memories may fade quickly after a chaotic event. Pointing out these weaknesses can be a strong defense, especially if the evidence does not meet the standard of proof beyond a reasonable doubt.

Self-Defense

Confined spaces and the presence of alcohol on cruise ships sometimes lead to fights or altercations. If a person is accused of assault but was defending themselves from an aggressor, a self-defense claim may apply. The defense would need to show that the accused acted reasonably to protect themselves from harm and did not use excessive force under the circumstances.

Violation of Rights During the Investigation

Even though a crime may be alleged on the high seas, the accused still has legal rights during the investigation. If authorities failed to advise the accused of their rights properly, conducted unlawful searches, or pressured confessions, these violations can be raised as defenses. Such misconduct may result in evidence being excluded or charges being reduced.

Building a Strong Defense Strategy

When someone is accused of a crime on a cruise ship, the defense strategy must be tailored to the circumstances. The first step is often challenging jurisdiction. If jurisdiction is established, the next step is to scrutinize the evidence, which may involve reviewing surveillance footage, interviewing witnesses, and questioning the credibility of the accuser.

The Importance of Legal Representation

Because of the unusual legal landscape of cruise ship crimes, hiring an attorney with experience in maritime criminal defense is crucial. General criminal defense attorneys may not fully understand the jurisdictional issues or maritime procedures. A specialized lawyer can better navigate the case, negotiate with prosecutors, and ensure that the accused’s rights are respected both at sea and in port.

Don’t Face Accusations Alone: George Reres Law, PA Can Help

Facing a criminal accusation on a cruise ship can be one of the most stressful experiences a person may encounter. The mix of international waters, foreign laws, and complicated jurisdiction makes these cases especially intimidating. However, with the right legal representation and a careful strategy, it is possible to navigate the storm and secure a fair outcome.

Schedule a free consultation with our team today by calling 954-543-1186. George Reres Law, PA offers flexible payment plans and even flat-fee options, so you can get the strong defense you deserve without financial stress.

How to Fight Common Charges After an Airport Arrest

More than 35 million passengers moved through Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport in 2024, making it the 19th busiest airport in the country. The airport is an essential hub for international travel and cargo shipping, but for some people, what should have been an easy visit to the airport turns into a criminal justice nightmare after they’re arrested. Keep reading to find out the most common criminal charges in airports and what you can do if you are arrested.

Drug Possession and Trafficking

International airports, in particular, are known for drug crimes, including possession and trafficking. Airports use a variety of tools and security techniques, such as drug-sniffing dogs and body and luggage scanners, to identify people who may be trying to go through the airport with controlled substances. Having even a small amount of a controlled substance in an airport can result in serious charges. In some cases, it can even be a federal offense.  Under normal circumstances, an officer would need cause or a warrant to search a personal item, but this isn’t the case in an airport if you’re flying. Agents can screen your luggage and even open it to ensure you aren’t carrying drugs. But this doesn’t mean that you don’t have defense options if you’re arrested. An attorney can evaluate your case and determine what defense strategies make the most sense, whether arguing lack of intent or mistake of fact.

Theft Crimes

The airport is full of random people with random bags, and this makes it a common target for theft crimes. Theft charges in an airport can involve someone being accused of stealing from other passengers or from a store within the terminal. Shoplifting is a common occurrence, and bags and items are often stolen if left unattended for even a few seconds. Airports have sophisticated surveillance systems, and this footage is commonly used to identify defendants and as evidence in court, which is something a defense attorney must overcome. In some cases, the footage may not clearly show the defendant’s face or any identifying marks, which may provide a way to argue that the video isn’t clear enough to provide proof beyond a reasonable doubt. One of the most common defense strategies for theft crimes is arguing a lack of intent. Most theft crimes in Florida require the defendants to have knowingly and willfully acted to deprive the rightful owner of the object in question. If the defense team can successfully cast doubt that the defendant had this intent, it can lead to a dismissal of charges or an acquittal. Suppose a person reports their luggage stolen, and security footage identifies the defendant taking the bag. However, the defendant’s luggage was the same brand, style, and color. If the defendant believed that the bag was theirs, it could be a simple mistake.

Bringing Firearms into the Airport

It’s a common crime for a person to forget they have a firearm in their luggage or on their person and attempt to go through the airport’s security screening. This can result in serious charges and can have life changing effects. While there are a number of regulations regarding bringing firearms in checked baggage, bringing them into the airport terminal itself, especially past a security checkpoint, can be a criminal offense. Possessing other prohibited items, such as a knife, brass knuckles, or specific explosive devices, can also be a criminal offense.

Disorderly Conduct

Airports can be stressful for even the most experienced travelers, but when tempers rise, it can result in criminal charges. Disorderly conduct has multiple definitions under Florida law, but two of these are behavior that affects “the peace and quiet of persons who may witness them” and “such conduct as to constitute a breach of the peace.”

Disorderly conduct charges can result from arguing with airport staff or other travelers or refusing to follow instructions given by TSA agents or airport personnel.  Disorderly conduct is generally a misdemeanor under Florida law, but it’s still a serious charge that requires legal representation. An attorney may be able to negotiate a plea deal to avoid jail time or get the charges dismissed entirely by providing context that explains the behavior, such as having a medical episode.

Assault and Battery

When arguments escalate, it can end in a physical altercation and criminal charges for assault or battery. Assault is the attempt of physical violence on another person or making threats of doing so, while battery is when the violence actually occurs. Allegations involving battery on a TSA agent or a member of the airline staff can be especially serious and are prosecuted aggressively.  One of the most common defense strategies for assault or battery charges is that the defendant was acting in self-defense or defense of others. Other options an attorney might talk with you about include arguing that the physical contact was an accident or that it didn’t meet the requirements for criminal battery.  Your first call after being charged with an airport crime should be to an experienced criminal defense attorney, such as the team at George Reres Law, PA.

Call 954-543-1186to schedule a free consultation to discuss your case.

Common Legal Strategies Used in Juvenile Crime Cases

Getting the call that your child has been arrested is a terrifying experience. The truth is that the legal system is out of your control, and your child’s future hangs in the balance. The one thing you can do is make sure your child has a defense attorney with extensive experience in juvenile crimes. At George Reres Law, PA, we understand what’s at stake in these cases, and we fight for your child’s rights and future. Below are some potential strategies we often use in juvenile defense cases. Contact our office to schedule a consultation and learn more about how we can help with your case.

Arguing Lack of Intent

Many children don’t understand the full weight of the actions and aren’t able to anticipate the consequences of their behavior. This is one reason why the court system is set up to handle juvenile crimes separately from adult offenses. Many criminal charges require that the defendant had the intent to commit a crime and acted knowingly and intentionally. If a defense attorney can successfully argue that the child did not intend to commit a crime or that it happened accidentally, such as in the case of an accidental shoplifting or assault case, it may be possible to have the charges dropped or adjudicated not delinquent.

Questioning the Police Procedures

Just because a defendant is a minor doesn’t mean they don’t have rights. There are strict rules for when and how officers can question minors and what constitutes a lawful search and seizure. If these rules weren’t followed, a defense attorney can request that any evidence obtained or any statement given be suppressed. This means they can’t be used as evidence in court. Suppose an officer stops your child on the street and searches their backpack without a warrant or probable cause. The officer finds a controlled substance inside. This evidence may not be admissible if the officer didn’t follow proper procedure, which could lead to the dismissal of drug possession charges. 

Demonstrating Strong Community Ties and Character

Whether your child serves time could depend on their community involvement and what people say about their character. Minors who are doing well in school, have a stable home environment, and otherwise have clean records can often get more lenient sentences even if they’re adjudicated guilty. Even a child with a previous arrest may avoid detention if they can show that they’re putting forth effort, such as by participating in counseling sessions or doing community service work. 

Your attorney may ask for letters from teachers, youth group leaders, or other adults who know your child and can speak to their character. An attorney can use this to argue that your child made a mistake out of character and that they deserve a second chance. 

Keeping the Case in Juvenile Court

Many parents think that as long as their child is under 18, they will remain in the juvenile court system, but this isn’t always true. If a child is 14 or older, the case can be transferred to adult court. While this process is usually reserved for more serious charges, such as violent felonies, a child 16 or older can technically be tried in adult court for any felony. 

The juvenile and adult court systems are set up differently in Florida. The juvenile system is focused on rehabilitation, while the adult system is focused on punishment. Keeping your child’s case in juvenile court can protect them from some of the harshest consequences of a criminal conviction and give them a stronger chance at a better future. 

While defense attorneys can’t challenge a direct file to adult court if a prosecutor chooses to use this option, other avenues exist, such as a grand jury indictment or a waiver motion. If the prosecutor makes a waiver motion, the defense attorney can argue that the child’s case should stay in juvenile court. 

Pursuing Deferred Prosecution 

In Florida, deferred prosecution programs offer juvenile offenders a way to avoid a criminal conviction on their record and a chance at rehabilitation. Deferred prosecution means that the entire case is put on hold, and the defendant gets an opportunity to complete specific requirements. If they do so, the charges are dismissed. If not, the case goes back to the court system to be adjudicated.

Deferred prosecution programs are usually reserved for first-time, nonviolent offenders, and the state attorney generally needs to agree to the defendant’s placement in the program. What a deferred prosecution program entails depends on the nature of the charge, but standard requirements include making restitution to the victim, performing community service, and participating in applicable treatment services, such as counseling or substance abuse programs. 

Exploring Sealing and Expungement Options

Many people mistakenly believe that juvenile criminal records are automatically sealed when the child turns 18, but this isn’t always the case. While most records go away once the person has turned 21, some information remains. This includes if the juvenile was sent to a correctional facility, including either adult or juvenile, and if they committed serious offenses, such as violent felonies or sexual crimes.

Depending on the circumstances of your child’s arrest and whether they were adjudicated guilty, it can still be beneficial for them to apply for their record to be expunged, which seals their record. This can remove some barriers in adulthood, such as if they wish to work in law enforcement or a career requiring a professional license.

If your child has been accused of a crime, you need experienced legal counsel now. Call George Reres Law, PA, at 954-543-1186 to speak to an attorney.

What You Need to Know About Being Charged With Reckless Driving in Florida

Every driver agrees to abide by the rules of the road and ensure that they operate their vehicle safely when they get behind the wheel. However, it’s all too easy to end up speeding, rapidly changing lanes or making other questionable maneuvers when you’re distracted or in a hurry. Unfortunately, one mistake can result in fines, legal issues, and even the loss of your license if you’re charged with reckless driving. Find out what you need to know about reckless driving and what to do if you’re accused of this criminal offense.

How Does Florida Define Reckless Driving?

Florida Statute 316.192 defines reckless driving as driving “any vehicle in willful or wanton disregard for the safety of persons or property.” This also includes attempting to flee a law enforcement officer while driving. It’s a common misconception that reckless and careless driving are the same. However, reckless driving is a criminal offense in Florida, while careless driving is only a traffic offense. Careless driving is a moving violation that generally only includes points on your license and a fine. Reckless driving, however, can result in criminal penalties, including the possibility of jail time.

This difference is also essential when it comes to the prosecution proving its case. Because reckless driving involves willful, intentional action, the prosecution must demonstrate that the driver understood the risks and did it anyway. The level of risk and intention in the action often determines whether someone is cited for careless driving or charged with reckless driving.

What Are Some Examples of Reckless Driving?

Reckless driving can include any actions while driving a vehicle that present a risk to other people or property. Common scenarios that may result in a reckless driving charge include:

• Failing to stop at stop signs or red lights
• Rapidly changing lanes when there isn’t enough clear distance ahead to do so safely
• Excessive speeding
• Failing to yield, such as pulling out in front of someone or trying to beat another driver through a traffic light
• Passing in a no-passing zone
• Tailgating

While it’s hard to find someone who hasn’t gone over the speed limit or followed another driver too closely at least once in their life, these seemingly minor driving behaviors can have serious legal consequences. If you’ve been charged with reckless driving, it’s imperative not to brush it off or think you’re only going to get a ticket. Talking with a defense attorney can help you better understand the charges and your options for fighting them.

Is Reckless Driving a Misdemeanor or Felony?

Reckless driving can be charged at either the misdemeanor or the felony level, depending on whether an injury or damage to property occurs and how severe it is. In most cases, reckless driving is a first-degree misdemeanor. However, if the reckless driving actions resulted in an accident in which someone suffered serious bodily injury, the charge can be enhanced to a third-degree felony. 

Florida law defines serious bodily injury as an injury that results in “a physical condition that creates a substantial risk of death, serious personal disfigurement, or protracted loss or impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ.” For example, someone suffering burns or an amputated limb would be considered serious bodily injury, while a sprained wrist probably would not.

What Can Happen If You Are Convicted of Reckless Driving?

The penalties for reckless driving can include fines, jail time, required substance abuse programs, and points on your license. If you are convicted of a misdemeanor, you could face up to one year in jail and a fine of up to $1,000. If you’re facing enhanced charges of a third-degree felony, you could face up to five years in prison and a fine of up to $5,000. If you already have points on your license from previous infractions, getting a reckless driving conviction could also result in having your license suspended. 

In some cases, it’s also possible to be charged with reckless driving in addition to other offenses, such as driving under the influence. This could mean you’re facing even more severe penalties and underscores the importance of having an attorney.

What Can You Do to Reduce the Potential Penalties?

When you’ve been accused of reckless driving, hiring an attorney gives you the legal representation you need to fight back. An attorney can use various defense strategies to undermine the prosecution’s case and help you avoid or reduce the penalties. For example, an attorney may argue that you didn’t know that the behavior was risky or that you were driving defensively to avoid an accident. 

Even if a complete dismissal of the charges isn’t an option, an attorney may be able to get the charge reduced to something like careless driving or another traffic infraction that carries far less severe penalties. An attorney may also be able to help you get probation or a diversion program instead of jail time. For example, you may be able to complete a driver education program and community service instead, especially if it’s your first offense and your record is otherwise clean.

If you’ve been charged with reckless driving in Fort Lauderdale or the surrounding area, the actions you take in the days after can make a significant difference in the outcome of your case. The criminal defense attorneys at George Reres Law, PA, are here to help. Call 954-543-1186 today to schedule a free strategy session to find out what we can do to help you avoid the penalties associated with reckless driving.

Exploring Your Defense Options When You’ve Been Charged With a Drug Crime

Drug crimes are some of the most common types of criminal charges defendants face in Florida, and they can lead to severe repercussions. Whether you were found with a controlled substance in your possession during a routine traffic stop or you are being charged with a more serious offense, such as drug trafficking, having experienced legal representation can help you present a strong defense and minimize the potential penalties.

At George Reres Law, PA, we help clients in Fort Lauderdale and the surrounding areas understand the crimes they’ve been charged with and what defense options they have. Learn more about the different types of drug crime charges in Florida, what penalties you could face if you’re convicted, and how a drug defense attorney can help you fight back.

Understanding the Different Drug Crime Charges

The first step in defense strategizing is to understand precisely what you’ve been charged with and what it could mean if you’re convicted. Below are some of the most common drug charges in Florida, including whether they are classified as misdemeanors or felonies.

Possession of a Controlled Substance 

Drug possession is the most common drug crime, and it applies to a variety of substances, from prescription drugs to marijuana. Some of the most common controlled substances include meth, cocaine, ecstasy, and marijuana. If a law enforcement officer finds these substances on your person or in your possession, such as in a backpack or your vehicle, you could face criminal charges. This includes prescription medications, such as Oxycodone or Adderall, if you don’t have a valid prescription. 

Possession of a controlled substance can be a misdemeanor or a felony, depending on the type of the substance and how much was found. For example, possession of less than 20 grams of marijuana is a first-degree misdemeanor. Possession of less than 28 grams of cocaine, on the other hand, is a third-degree felony.

Possession With Intent to Sell

If you have more than a personal amount of a controlled substance in your possession, you can be charged with possession with intent to sell, which is a felony. The degree of the felony depends on the substance and the amount, but it’s possible to be charged with a first-degree felony in some cases. It may be more likely for someone to be charged with possession with intent to sell if they also have other paraphernalia, such as baggies, scales, or large amounts of cash.

Drug Trafficking 

Trafficking is one of the most serious drug crime charges, and it is generally a first-degree or second-degree felony, which can carry a significant prison sentence. Trafficking charges usually involve large amounts of controlled substances or evidence that shows that the defendant was crossing state lines, or attempting to, with the substance.

Fighting Drug Crime Charges

Each drug crime case is unique, but the charges require the prosecution to demonstrate specific elements, such as intent in the case of trafficking. This means that there are some common legal strategies that may be more effective than others. 

Unlawful Search and Seizure

Drug crime cases hinge on the defendant being found in possession of the substance. However, the law outlines specific requirements for law enforcement officers when conducting a search and seizure. For example, they generally need probable cause or a search warrant to search your person or your property unless you give consent. If there are concerns about the validity of the search, an attorney can use this to suppress key evidence.

Lack of Knowledge

Some drug crimes require the defendant to have knowingly participated in the action. For example, drug trafficking requires knowledge and intent. However, if the defendant was unaware that they were transporting drugs, an attorney could use this to argue that there is no legal basis for the charge. It’s important to note here that simply saying that the drugs weren’t yours or that you didn’t know they were there isn’t enough. A defense attorney must present this argument with evidence and testimony that can create reasonable doubt.

Not a Controlled Substance

Many substances look alike, and it can be difficult to accurately determine what an unmarked white powder is, for example. While there are lab tests that law enforcement officers can use to attempt to identify a substance, these aren’t without issues and can return incorrect or inconclusive results. A defense attorney may be able to point out chain of custody issues with the substance or introduce doubts about the validity of the lab test or contamination of the sample to fight this part of the case.

Plea Bargain

If the evidence against you is strong, an attorney may recommend negotiating a plea bargain with the prosecution, which could help you avoid the worst of the penalties. For example, you may be able to go through a diversion program or agree to complete a substance abuse program instead of being sentenced to jail. An attorney can discuss the pros and cons of this option and help you determine if it’s a possibility you should consider.

Getting Help From a Drug Crimes Attorney

If you’ve been accused of a drug-related offense in Fort Lauderdale and you want to know more about your defense options, contact George Reres Law, PA, at 954-543-1186. We offer a free strategy session so you can learn more about how our law firm operates and what we can do to help you reduce the potential penalties associated with your charge or even get your case dismissed. Call today to take the first step in fighting for your freedom.

What You Need to Know About the Juvenile Court System

As a parent, you do everything you can to protect your child and teach them how they should behave. However, children don’t always follow that instruction or understand that there can be serious legal consequences for their behaviors. When minors act out, it can result in criminal charges and being moved through the juvenile delinquency system. The juvenile court system operates differently from adult court in many ways. Understanding what Florida law says about juvenile delinquency and how these cases are handled can help you be more prepared if your child is charged.

What Actions Fall Under Juvenile Delinquency?

The term juvenile delinquency refers to criminal actions committed by minors. Many people think juvenile crimes are minor or less severe than adult crimes, but the offenses can range from minor infractions to the most serious felonies. Some common juvenile crimes include:

• Shoplifting
• Simple battery
• Trespassing
• Underage drinking
• Drug possession
• Vandalism

Some traffic offenses can also be included in juvenile court, such as driving without a license or driving under the influence of alcohol. However, minors are not exempt from being accused of more serious crimes, which could include illegal use of a firearm, making threats (particularly against schools), aggravated assault, and even murder. 

Any time your child has been accused of a crime, there’s the possibility that they could end up in juvenile court. 

What Are the Differences Between Adult and Juvenile Court?

Adult and juvenile courts differ both in procedure and intention. In most cases, adult court is about punishing offenders for their crimes. In juvenile court, the focus is more on rehabilitation and providing resources that can help juveniles understand the impact of their actions and make different decisions to be more productive members of society. Because juveniles are minors and the court recognizes that they haven’t fully matured yet in their ability to make decisions, juvenile cases also have more privacy protection for those accused. 

Juvenile cases also differ in terms of court procedures. For example, in adult court, defendants have a right to trial by jury for most criminal charges. Juvenile cases, however, are commonly heard only by a judge. The judge looks at all of the evidence and arguments from both sides and makes a final decision on the defendant’s guilt and sentencing. 

When Can Juveniles Be Tried as Adults?

In most cases, a defendant under 18 is charged and tried as a juvenile. However, Florida law does allow for minors to be charged as adults in some cases, depending on their age and the specific charge. This is generally reserved for severe offenses or defendants who are at least 16 years old and have a previous record. A minor who is at least 14 years old can be transferred to adult court for charges including but not limited to:

• Having a weapon during the commission of a felony
• Arson
• Armed burglary
• Grand theft
• Aggravated assault
• Sexual battery
• Kidnapping
• Murder
• Manslaughter

If the offense is a capital felony — meaning it carries a potential sentence of death or life in prison — there is no minimum age at which a minor can be tried as an adult.

If your child has been accused of any of these serious felonies or has a previous criminal record, it’s critical to consult with an attorney as soon as possible. Part of a juvenile defense attorney’s job is to do what they can to keep the case in the juvenile court system, where the potential penalties are less severe.

Are Juvenile Records Automatically Sealed or Expunged?

It’s a common misconception that it “doesn’t really matter” if a juvenile is adjudicated delinquent because the record is sealed when they become an adult. However, this isn’t exactly how it works. Some records are eligible for sealing or expunction, but not all. For example, juvenile records are public if the charge is the equivalent of an adult felony or the minor has three or more convictions. 

It is possible to have eligible records removed or sealed so that your child doesn’t have to have their youthful mistakes following them into their adult life, and a juvenile defense lawyer can help with this. 

How Can I Help My Child Who Has Been Charged With a Crime?

How you respond when your child is accused of breaking the law can impact their case. Here are some suggestions to provide support throughout the process.

Hire an Experienced Juvenile Defense Attorney

The most important thing you can do for your child is to immediately hire a defense attorney who has experience with the juvenile court system. This isn’t something you should try to handle alone, and having an attorney on your side can make the process less confusing and potentially result in a more favorable outcome.

Don’t Talk to Officers Without Legal Counsel

As a parent, you’ve probably taught your child that police officers can be trusted and always to tell the whole truth. This is one situation where you don’t necessarily want to do that. Anything your child says can and will be used against them, and they shouldn’t answer any questions without an attorney present.

Stay Involved in Your Child’s Case

When a minor is going through the juvenile court system, so is the whole family. You will be expected to attend all of your child’s hearings and cooperate with the court’s requirements and the attorney’s requests throughout the process. Having an involved parent can also show the court that the defendant has a strong support system at home, which can help if you’re trying to get probation instead of jail time, for example.

If your child has been accused of a crime, call George Reres Law, PA, at 954-543-1186.

The Florida Criminal Appeals Process: 6 Key Facts to Keep in Mind

Being convicted of a crime is the worst-case scenario for most defendants. It can be a devastating result and leave you feeling like you’re out of options. But this isn’t necessarily the case. If you believe a mistake was made during your trial or another issue unfairly affected the outcome of your case, you can appeal the verdict to a higher court. 

The criminal appeals process in Florida is complex, and it’s one where having the guidance of a criminal defense attorney can make things much easier to navigate. If you have questions about how the appeals process works or what to expect, the team at George Reres Law, PA, is here to help. Below, we’ve compiled a list of some of the most important things to know about the appeals process.

1. You Must Have Legal Grounds for the Appeal

Many defendants think they can automatically appeal a verdict because it wasn’t the outcome they hoped for, but this isn’t the case. You must have a reason for the appeal, which must be related to some error or serious issue with your case. Some potential grounds include the judge ignoring a key piece of evidence, juror misconduct, and unethical behavior from the prosecution. For example, if a defendant finds out after the trial that a juror was doing independent research on drug crime cases and appropriate sentencing, this could be juror misconduct.

2. Appeals Must Be Filed Within a Certain Timeframe

According to the Florida Rules of Appellate Procedure, defendants generally have 30 days to file a notice of appeal when the final judgment is rendered. This means it’s essential to act quickly. It’s not uncommon for defendants to be unaware of the appeal option or decide to file an appeal after it’s too late. When you have a criminal defense attorney representing you, they can ensure that you file your notice of appeal quickly and accurately to ensure you don’t lose access to this option. 

3. An Appeal Can’t Introduce New Evidence

When you file an appeal, you’re asking a higher court to review the case to determine if an error was made during your trial that may have resulted in a different verdict. This means that the appeals court can only make its decision based on the record from the trial. You cannot base your appeal on any new evidence or testimony. If something new has been discovered that would have changed the outcome of your case, there are other options, such as a post-conviction motion, that may be more appropriate. The appeals court will only reverse the verdict if it finds that there was a legal error made somewhere in the original trial.

4. Your Appeal May Be Judged on the Brief Alone

The appellate court doesn’t follow the same procedures as the regular trial court. Remember that an appeal is to determine if there was a legal error made in your case, not to determine your guilt or innocence. An appeal isn’t a retrial, and many cases are reviewed based on only the appellate brief. The appellate brief is the document your attorney writes that explains how the lower trial court erred in the verdict and asks for it to be reversed. The prosecution will also write an appellate brief in response, arguing its position and asking for the judgment to be affirmed. If you want to be able to present an oral argument for your case, you must submit a formal request, and the court will decide whether to grant it. 

The importance of the appellate brief is one reason why it’s critical to have your appeal handled by an attorney. You need someone who can write in a language the court understands, including referencing past legal cases with the proper citations and presenting a compelling legal argument for your case.

5. You May Have Other Options If Your Appeal Is Denied

Finding out that your appeal has been denied is disappointing, but it doesn’t have to mean the end of your fight for justice. There may be alternative options, such as post-conviction relief, a federal habeas corpus petition, or asking for clemency from the governor. Each of these options has its own place and application, and your attorney can discuss the pros and cons and help you determine which may fit your case. It can be challenging to continue to fight against the system after a conviction, but it’s imperative not to lose hope. Your attorney is there to be your advocate and ensure you exhaust every potential option.

6. Having Experienced Legal Representation Is Key for Your Appeals Case

The criminal appeals process hinges on in-depth legal knowledge and a familiarity with technical legal procedures. If you’ve been convicted and you believe you have grounds for an appeal, it’s critical to work with an attorney who has specific experience helping Florida defendants exercise this option. A knowledgeable appellate attorney can evaluate your case thus far, including what happened at the trial, to find the most substantial grounds for appeal and craft a compelling argument for the appellate brief. 

Whether you’ve already been convicted and want to appeal or you want to ensure you have an attorney who is prepared to help you with all possible outcomes, George Reres Law, PA, can help. Our experienced criminal defense attorneys know how to identify potential errors and issues in your case that may be grounds for appeal, and we’re experienced at writing persuasive arguments that can help get your case reconsidered. The first step is to call our Fort Lauderdale office at 954-543-1186 to schedule an appointment.

What Are the Ramifications of Hit-and-Run Charges in Fort Lauderdale?

In Fort Lauderdale, being charged with a hit-and-run can have far-reaching consequences. Florida law requires that anyone involved in an accident must stop immediately, share their details, and assist those in need. Ignoring this legal duty can lead to serious repercussions. Should there be only damage to property, the offense is tagged as a second-degree misdemeanor, which might incur a jail term of up to 60 days alongside a $500 penalty. 

However, if someone is hurt due to the incident, the charge escalates to a third-degree felony, carrying the possibility of five years behind bars and a $5,000 fine. The stakes are highest when the accident results in death, where the charge becomes a first-degree felony, potentially leading to a 30-year prison sentence and a $10,000 fine. 

Beyond these immediate legal penalties, the impact of a hit-and-run conviction can echo through various aspects of your life. Your driving privileges might be revoked, and your insurance rates could soar. Furthermore, the shadow of a criminal record can hinder job prospects and strain personal relationships. Understanding these outcomes is vital if you’re facing such charges, as Florida’s legal system underscores the importance of accountability on the road.

How Can Hit-and-Run Charges Be Resolved in Fort Lauderdale?

Addressing hit-and-run charges in Fort Lauderdale involves several critical steps. Initially, seeking the counsel of a skilled criminal defense attorney is paramount. They can give you a preliminary evaluation of your situation and discuss potential defense tactics.

Accumulating evidence is crucial. This involves gathering witness testimonies, surveillance videos, and any tangible evidence from the accident scene. Your lawyer will assist you in pinpointing the most pertinent evidence for your defense. With a solid foundation of evidence, your lawyer may engage in negotiations with the prosecution. This could involve plea discussions or exploring other resolutions. Achieving a plea agreement might result in reduced charges or penalties.

If negotiations don’t lead to an agreement, the case might proceed to trial, where both parties present their evidence and arguments. Your attorney will vigorously defend you, challenging the prosecution’s narrative and presenting your case. Throughout this journey, staying informed and involved is essential. Regular communication with your lawyer ensures you are up-to-date with the case’s progress and any new developments. Once a verdict is delivered, complying with any court-imposed sanctions—such as fines, community service, or probation—is necessary. By meticulously following these steps and collaborating closely with your attorney, you can navigate the judicial maze and work toward a resolution. If you’re embroiled in a hit-and-run case, reaching out to a seasoned attorney can safeguard your rights.

What Evidence Is Crucial for a Robust Defense in a Hit-and-Run Case?

Building a solid defense in a hit-and-run case hinges on gathering compelling evidence. Begin with eyewitness accounts that can offer an unbiased view of the incident. If witnesses can corroborate your narrative, their statements become invaluable assets.

Next, examine physical evidence, like vehicle damage, skid marks, or roadway debris. This can aid in reconstructing the scene and assessing liability. Moreover, photographs or video footage from the incident site can provide visual documentation of the situation.

Surveillance recordings can also play a pivotal role. Footage from nearby businesses or traffic cameras might have captured the incident, offering a clear and impartial record of the events. Medical documentation can be vital, especially if claiming a health-related emergency as a defense. Such records can verify your claims and contextualize your actions.

Finally, communication logs, like phone calls or texts, may hold relevance. These records might reflect your state of mind or provide an alibi. Amassing a comprehensive dossier of evidence can fortify your defense and undermine the prosecution’s case.

What Mitigating Circumstances Could Affect My Case?

It’s crucial to evaluate any mitigating circumstances that might impact your case. These factors could be significant if, for instance, you left the accident scene due to a medical emergency or felt unsafe. Maintaining open and transparent communication with your legal team is vital. They can offer insights into the most effective defense strategies and assist you throughout the legal proceedings. By collaborating closely with your attorney, you can craft a defense that thoroughly addresses the unique aspects of your case.

Can Engaging a Skilled Criminal Defense Lawyer Enhance My Case Outcome?

Enlisting the expertise of a skilled criminal defense lawyer can significantly boost your prospects for a favorable resolution in a hit-and-run case. An attorney well-versed in Florida law can expertly maneuver through the complexities of the legal system. They will evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of your case, providing tailored advice for the best possible approach.

A major advantage of having a lawyer is their ability to negotiate with prosecutors. They can advocate for you, potentially securing more lenient plea deals or reduced charges, especially if the evidence against you is strong.

A lawyer also helps you navigate the judicial process, ensuring you’re prepared for each phase of your legal journey. From submitting motions to representing you in court, they offer indispensable guidance and support. Their expertise is crucial in crafting an effective defense strategy.

Additionally, attorneys can assist in gathering and presenting evidence compellingly. They understand which evidence is admissible and how to counter the prosecution’s claims. By leveraging their knowledge and skills, you can enhance your chances of a positive outcome. If you’re facing hit-and-run allegations, contacting George Reres Law, PA, at 954-543-1186 could be your first step toward a robust defense.

How Do Cruise Lines Deal with Crimes Committed at Sea?

Many embark on cruises to escape daily life and enjoy luxury on the high seas. The unfortunate truth is that crimes can happen anywhere. When crimes occur at sea aboard a cruise line, there can be some confusion about what happens to those accused of criminal offenses. How a criminal offense at sea is handled depends on several factors, including the severity of the offense, where the cruise ship was located at the time of the incident, and more.

Legally, cruise ships occupy a grey area. They are registered in one country, owned by a company headquartered there or in another country, and often allowed to travel through international waters with crew and passengers of many national origins. When crimes occur aboard cruise ships at sea, several parties or countries may want to exert legal authority over the criminal matter.

The nation where the cruise ship is registered will have jurisdiction over administrative issues such as labor, maintenance, and safety. Thfcriminis is known as the ‘flag state.’ Several cruise ships that frequent Florida waters are registered in the Bahamas, Malta, and Panama.

The country where the cruise line is incorporated and has its headquarters may claim jurisdiction for certain crimes at sea. For example, a cruise ship company headquartered in the United States may give rise to the US having an interest in the outcome of the criminal investigation.

When crimes occur at a port or harbor, the country where the port is located generally has jurisdiction. However, crimes committed on the high seas fall under the flag state’s jurisdiction. Additionally, the nationality of the victim or the accused can also determine jurisdiction.

Florida law also defines the state’s special maritime criminal jurisdiction over certain criminal offenses on cruise lines, even in international waters. The Florida statute outlines the scenarios in which the state can prosecute for crimes that occur on cruise ships outside of territorial waters, including:

• If the defendant was a Florida resident
• If it was a violent crime against a Florida resident
• If the victim was a Florida law enforcement officer
• And more

What Crimes Are Commonly Reported on Cruise Ships?

If you are accused of a criminal act aboard a cruise ship or other seafaring vessel, our Florida law firm can help defend your legal rights to achieve the most optimal outcome for your case. Our attorneys have years of experience assisting clients accused of crimes at sea, making us uniquely qualified to represent your case.

Examples of crimes committed aboard cruise ships include the following:

• Aggravated assault and sexual assault committed by crew members
• Arson
• Assault and battery
• Destruction of property
• Drug crimes, including possession or trafficking of drugs
• Homicide or suspicious deaths
• Kidnapping
• Manslaughter
• Missing person cases
• Public intoxication incidents
• Rape and sexual assault
• Serving alcohol to minors
• Sex crimes due to alcohol or drugs
• Sexual harassment
• Theft
• Violent crimes

Many cruise lines independently report statistics on serious crimes committed aboard their ships. Additionally, certain serious crimes must be reported to the FBI for most passenger vessels embarking from or disembarking in United States ports.

Does a Cruise Ship Have Its Own Jail or Police Force Onboard?

The jail found on a cruise ship is known as the brig. Brig is short for the nautical term brigantine, a ship once used to transport criminals. Brigs function differently than jails found on dry land, as they are not big and are meant to hold those accused of crimes until the proper authorities can take over the investigations.

Cruise lines do not have police on board (except for off-duty police officers who are passengers aboard cruise ships). Instead, a cruise line employs security personnel. Ultimately, the ship’s captain has the decision-making authority on what should happen to those suspected of criminal acts committed aboard the ship. The captain has the authority to dock early to report the crimes or continue their scheduled course while placing the supposed criminal in the brig.

Minor crimes rarely result in a person being placed in the brig. More often, a minor criminal offense will result in a passenger or crew member being remanded to their cabin for the duration of the trip. More serious crimes may result in the captain and security teams placing individuals in the brig, awaiting a more thorough investigation of the supposed offense. Crimes that could land someone in the brig include murder, sexual assault, and the possession of illegal substances.

Who Investigates Cruise Ship Crimes?

Security personnel employed by cruise ship companies are typically among the first responders in most criminal cases because they are expected to ensure the continued safety of all passengers on board until they can hand over the investigation to law enforcement on land. Jurisdiction is a complex issue regarding cruise ship crimes, often requiring negotiations and investigations conducted by several governments and officials.

Local authorities will have clear jurisdiction over legal issues if the ship is in port when a criminal act is committed. Every country is also entitled to jurisdiction in waters within 12 nautical miles of its shorelines.

When ships travel beyond the 12-mile limit, jurisdiction generally falls to the laws of the ship’s registered country or flag state. If the crime occurs on open water, the captain will decide whether to make an unscheduled stop at a nearby port or proceed to the next scheduled port of call.

When a United States citizen commits a crime on a cruise ship or is otherwise the victim of a crime aboard a cruise ship, the FBI frequently attempts to investigate the offense. However, the FBI investigation is sometimes secondary to investigations conducted by other law enforcement involved in the case. The FBI sometimes may not begin its investigation until the cruise ship returns and then do so in conjunction with law enforcement officials in the port city.

What Laws Are Applicable to Crimes Committed Off the Florida Coastline?

An investigation will determine the suspects and gather evidence related to the case. Once this has been completed, the question becomes where formal charges will be filed. Various laws may be applied depending on the circumstances of the criminal offense and where it occurred at sea.

The flag states laws govern serious crimes such as homicide regardless of the nationality of the suspect or victim. The cruise line’s base country may also seek to prosecute matters under its laws, particularly if citizens are involved as victims or as the accused.

In some instances, a country may claim jurisdiction over all crimes committed in their territorial waters, even extending that authority over docked foreign-flagged ships.

Suppose the crime occurred in international waters. In such cases, unique maritime laws may come into play. You will need an experienced lawyer to represent your interests.

What Are Your Legal Options When Facing Criminal Charges Aboard a Cruise Ship?

If you are facing prosecution for a criminal offense supposedly committed aboard a cruise ship, you need professional legal representation to defend your interests.

A criminal defense lawyer can help in the following ways:

• Advocate on your behalf both in a courtroom trial setting and out of court
• Determine jurisdiction and the different laws that may apply to your defense
• Examine the evidence gathered by authorities to look for holes in the prosecution’s case
• Help avoid prosecution in the United States by navigating extradition
• Negotiate with prosecutors to reach a plea deal or limit the charges

Getting arrested while on a cruise is very unnerving, but it’s important to remember that you have legal rights worth defending. An experienced Florida criminal defense lawyer can help explore various legal options for building a defense, including arguing a lack of jurisdiction, showing that evidence was unlawfully obtained, pointing out the unreliability of eyewitness statements or forensic evidence, and proving a lack of evidence sufficient to support the charges.

Schedule a Free Case Evaluation with Our Experienced Criminal Defense Lawyers Today

Do not hesitate to seek professional legal counsel if you have been accused of a crime aboard a cruise ship. Cruise ship criminal offenses are more complicated than most other criminal matters, and you need professional legal representation to defend your rights.

Our Florida law firm has extensive experience representing various criminal matters, including representing the interests of clients accused of crimes on board cruise ships. From Port Everglades to other ports in Florida, we are here to serve you. To learn more about our legal services and how we may assist you during this difficult time, please contact our law office to schedule your free initial consultation with our legal team today.

You may reach us at 954-543-1186.