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What Is the Difference Between Murder and Manslaughter?

Murder and manslaughter are both considered homicide, meaning someone died due to another’s specific actions. But there are critical differences between them, starting with the fact that murder is done with malicious intent, while manslaughter is typically unintentional. As such, you will face different penalties for murder compared to manslaughter if you’re convicted in Florida. To find out what you should know about these two types of homicide, you should consult a Fort Lauderdale criminal defense attorney for the skilled legal guidance you need.

How is Murder Defined?

Murder is the illegal, intentional killing of a person. The decisive factor determining if a killing is murder is whether it was done deliberately and with malice aforethought. If the police have reason to believe you purposely killed someone or intended to cause them grievous bodily harm, then a murder charge is likely.

The disturbing moral implications of an individual possessing the intent to unlawfully take someone’s life make murder one of the most severe criminal charges possible. Subsequently, a conviction has major consequences to your life.

What Penalties Can You Face if Charged With a Murder in Florida?

If you are being tried for murder in Florida, the potential punishment for a conviction is life in prison. However, the penalties can vary significantly based on the specific murder charge brought against you and the skill of your lawyer. Understanding the charges and possible consequences involved in your case is crucial. Under state law, there are three different degrees of murder in Florida.

First-degree Murder

First-degree murder is the most serious type of homicide. If you have been charged with first-degree murder, the prosecution is contending that the act was premeditated, meaning you planned it ahead of time. You can also be charged with this crime if you kill someone while committing a felony, such as drug trafficking or carjacking.

First-degree murder is a capital felony that exposes you to the most stringent punishments. If you are convicted, you will be sentenced to life in prison with no possibility of parole. Under certain circumstances, the prosecution may even press for the death penalty because Florida is a state where capital punishment is allowed.

Second-degree Murder

Second-degree murder is also the intentional killing of someone, but the key difference from first-degree murder is that it’s not premeditated. Generally, second-degree murder is an act committed in the heat of the moment. The accused didn’t take the time to think about their actions or consider the consequences before they harmed the victim, or they were mentally unable to do so. This is known in Florida as “Murder with a Depraved Mind.” This murder charge is also possible if an individual was an accomplice to a felony act where someone was killed, regardless of whether or not they were an active participant in the killing.

The mandatory minimum sentence required by state statutes is 16 ¾ years of incarceration. If a firearm was used in the commission of the crime, the minimum charge increases to 25 years in prison. The maximum penalty is life imprisonment.

Third-degree Murder

In Florida, a third-degree murder is an unintentional and unplanned killing that occurs during the commission of a non-violent crime. If convicted of third-degree murder, you could spend up to 15 years in prison. The main exception to this rule is when an individual provides drugs to a victim, which results in their death. This unique situation can lead to a first-degree murder charge, even though the individual did not intentionally cause the victim’s death.

What is Manslaughter?

If you’re charged with manslaughter, the police believe you killed someone without malicious intent. It means your actions did lead to someone’s death, but you did not intend to kill them. Manslaughter can occur in many different ways and may sometimes be caused by obviously negligent actions. Still, without the “mens rea” (“guilty mind”) that is present in a murder, the defendant will be considered less culpable for their actions. There are two different categories of manslaughter.

Voluntary Manslaughter

Typically, voluntary manslaughter happens in the heat of the moment during situations where one party has an emotional reaction that causes them to intentionally kill someone. Common examples are bar fights and domestic disputes. Voluntary manslaughter is split by Florida state law into two categories:

• Manslaughter by Act: The defendant committed a negligent act that was unjustifiable or inexcusable, and it caused another person’s death.
• Manslaughter by Procurement: The defendant induced or persuaded another individual to perform an act that led to the victim’s death.

Involuntary Manslaughter

Involuntary manslaughter occurs when you act recklessly or negligently, leading to someone’s death, but you did not intend to harm anyone. This charge may be applied if you cause a deadly car accident by making the careless choice to speed, killing one or more people. The penalty for manslaughter is up to 15 years in prison.

How Can a Criminal Defense Lawyer Help You?

Whether you have been accused of murder or manslaughter, the penalties can be severe, and you should contact a criminal defense lawyer immediately for assistance. An experienced attorney will look for evidence that could cause the case to be dismissed. For example, the homicide may be considered excusable or justifiable, depending on the circumstances. Your lawyer may also be able to negotiate a plea deal or downward departure to reduce the penalties involved.

If your homicide case goes to trial, it is up to the prosecution to prove your guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. A skilled defense lawyer can collect evidence to support your case and protect your legal rights. To learn more about how an experienced Fort Lauderdale criminal defense lawyer can help you, call George Reres Law, P.A. at 954-543-1186.

Are You Eligible For a Downward Departure?

Every crime has sentencing guidelines that dictate what kind of punishment to expect after a conviction. In Florida, judges use the Florida Criminal Punishment Code (CPC) to determine the appropriate sentence for a convicted offender. However, if you have been charged with a felony and meet specific guidelines, it is possible to file a motion for a downward departure to reduce your sentence. If the court approves the downward departure motion, your sentence could be lowered to less than the minimum sentence for your charge.

Facing a felony charge can be nerve-wracking because years of your future are at stake. If you qualify, a downward departure could help you regain some of your life. Your Fort Lauderdale criminal defense lawyer will let you know if there’s a chance for a downward departure in your case before working toward this outcome.

What is a Score Sheet and How Does It Affect Your Sentencing?

To determine whether a person convicted of a felony will face prison time, the prosecutor will fill out a score sheet as instructed by Florida’s state guidelines, using the details of the defendant’s charges and prior record. This score sheet will be provided to your defense attorney to review and discuss with you. Your attorney may challenge the scoring if they disagree with the prosecution’s methodology.

Every felony offense has a score assigned to it. As the severity of the felony increases, so does the score. Additional felonies and certain details of the crime, such as firearm use or a previous conviction, have their own scores that will be added to the total. Some circumstances relating to the crime can even result in the total being multiplied by 1.5 to 2.5. Examples of multipliers can include:

• Gang-related activity
• Drug trafficking
• Acts of domestic violence in front of children under 16
• Grand theft of a motor vehicle

If the score is below a certain threshold and the charge was a third-degree felony, the defendant will likely not face prison time unless they are considered a threat to the community. Overall, a low score may result in probation, house arrest, fines, or time in the county jail instead of a prison sentence. For higher scores, the judge will use the score in a formula to determine the minimum number of months the defendant must serve in prison. This will be the minimum prison sentence length unless the judge chooses to impose a downward departure on the sentence.

How Can You Qualify for a Downward Departure?

Only some people are eligible for a downward departure. In Florida, you might get this outcome when certain mitigating factors apply that make the crime less severe. Some examples of mitigating factors include:

• You played a minor role in the offense as an accomplice
• You were under intense pressure or coercion to commit the crime
• You have a legitimate plea bargain
• You did not have the ability to understand that your actions were criminal
• This was an isolated crime for which you have shown remorse
• You’re being sentenced as a youthful offender
• You committed a non-violent offense
• You have a mental disorder that requires treatment, and you agree to receive treatment
• The victim has a need for restitution that outweighs their need for you to serve a prison sentence
• You were trying to provide or get medical assistance for a person suffering from a drug overdose
• The victim provoked you into committing the crime or was a willing participant
• You committed a non-violent felony, scored low on the felony score sheet, and agreed to attend a drug treatment program.

Keep in mind that downward departure is not an option for capital felonies or crimes with a minimum mandatory sentence. If these don’t apply to your situation, your attorney will review your case and let you know if a downward departure is an option.

How Can You File a Motion for a Downward Departure?

If your lawyer sees at least one mitigating factor in your case, the next step is to file a written motion for a downward departure. Your lawyer will need to provide the judge with a written statement that explains why you deserve a lesser sentence for the crime. The motion should cite case law and highlight what evidence makes you qualified for less severe penalties.

The judge will review the motion for a downward departure before the sentencing hearing. You might have to provide testimony or have one or more experts testify on your behalf at the hearing. It is ultimately up to the judge’s discretion to approve the downward departure. If the judge imposes a downward departure, they are required by law to either produce a written statement or an oral statement with a written transcript explaining why they believe the reduction in sentencing is appropriate.

What Happens If the Request Is Approved?

If the judge approves the request for a downward departure, your punishment will be less than the lowest possible sentence. For instance, if the sentencing guidelines document for the crime you committed usually recommends a sentence of five to ten years in prison, you will get less than five years if your downward departure is approved.

Depending on your circumstances, you could potentially eliminate prison time altogether. With a downward departure, you may be sentenced to probation, community control or other penalties instead. If you’re interested in learning if this is a viable option for your case, call our Fort Lauderdale law firm at 954-523-3811 to speak with an experienced criminal defense lawyer.

If your Florida driver’s license has been suspended and you’re caught driving during the suspension, you will be charged with a crime. In most cases, this charge is a misdemeanor, but if this is the second time or more that you’ve been caught driving on a suspended license it could be a felony. You can also face being designated as a Habitual Traffic Offender and lose your license for years. This can be a serious situation, and hiring a criminal defense attorney is essential for the best chances of reducing penalties or even dismissing the charges altogether. Contact a skilled attorney for Fort Lauderdale traffic violations for your best chances of legal success, and read on to learn about the consequences of driving with a suspended license in the state of Florida.

When Is Driving with a Suspended License a Misdemeanor?

According to Florida Statutes Section 322.34, if this is a person’s first time being caught driving with a suspended license, they will likely be charged with a second-degree misdemeanor. The consequences of this crime could include up to 60 days in jail and a maximum fine of $500.

The second time that a driver gets arrested for driving with a suspended license, they will likely be charged with a first-degree misdemeanor. This is more serious than a second-degree charge, so the sentence could be up to one year of jail time and up to $1,000 in fines.

Though these charges are misdemeanors instead of felonies, you shouldn’t take them lightly. Even a short stint in jail or a few hundred dollars in fines could have cascading effects on your personal life and leave a permanent negative mark on your driving record. If you have been caught driving with a suspended license, contact a legal professional immediately.

When Is This Charge a Felony?

In most cases, if a driver is pulled over and charged with driving with a suspended license for the third time, they will face a third-degree felony charge. This typically means they could be sentenced to up to five years in prison, and they might have to pay up to $5,000 in fines.

In addition to prison time and costly fines, drivers could have to deal with other serious and long-lasting consequences. For example, if a driver has been charged with driving with a suspended license three times in five years, they will be labeled a Habitual Traffic Offender, or HTO, by Florida’s Department of Motor Vehicles and will lose their license for the next five years after the third arrest. They will also have to wait at least one year to apply for a hardship license to drive to work or school.

Drivers can also face this charge and become designated with Habitual Traffic Offender status if they have been convicted of two offenses defined under Florida Statutes Section 322.264, including the following:

• Any felony involving a motor vehicle
• Driving under the influence, or DUI
• A voluntary or involuntary manslaughter charge while driving
• Driving with a suspended commercial license
•  Not providing aid to people injured in a vehicle crash, as required by Florida law

Habitual Traffic Offender status is crippling and could affect your family, friends, job, and more for years to come. This status is something that should be dealt with immediately and with the help of a trained legal professional.

What Should You Do If You’re Charged with This Crime?

Getting a license restored in Florida can be possible through two different legal avenues: vacating current or past driving offenses, or by applying for a Florida hardship license.

While not impossible, trying to get Habitual Traffic Offender status revoked before the mandatory five years is up can be extremely difficult. Drivers have thirty days from their conviction to contest it, and they can also file a Motion to Vacate in court if they believe that this or any prior charge is erroneous. This is a tall order and will require the knowledge of an experienced criminal defense lawyer.

Drivers can apply for a hardship license in Florida under certain circumstances, such as if they have to provide transportation for their children, or if they need to commute to work. It does not restore full driving privileges however, and will limit your travel to necessary trips only. Applying for a hardship license takes four steps:

• Sign up, pay for, and complete a twelve hour Advanced Driving Improvement course
• Apply for a hardship hearing
• Turn in an Advanced Driving Improvement proof of completion and a hardship hearing application to the local Administrative Reviews Office
• Pay any other fees related to hardship reinstatement

After completing these four steps, all proper documentation should be turned in to a hearings officer, who will then examine it and see if the driver qualifies for the hardship license. This is a time consuming and costly process, with fees adding up into the three digits or potentially more, and does not even guarantee that a hardship license will be granted.

A conviction for driving with a suspended license in Florida has serious consequences. That’s why you should never ignore or accept this charge, and should explore every option to have your driving privileges restored. You owe it to yourself to talk to a Fort Lauderdale criminal defense lawyer to determine your legal options.

Consult a traffic violations attorney today to get your criminal case dismissed or reduced to a lesser charge with fewer penalties. There are several possible defense angles to take, such as stating that you didn’t know your license was suspended or that you were not the person driving.

Your lawyer will carefully review the details of your case before choosing the right way to fight the charges. Call our Fort Lauderdale law office at 954-523-3811 today to learn more about your legal options.

If you feel anxious or are unable to communicate clearly when the police interrogate you, you are definitely not alone. Many people get nervous when approached by police, whose tactics and approach may make it difficult to answer questions accurately and calmly. In these situations, it’s okay to say you don’t know the answer, but you should never lie or otherwise falsify information.

This is because in some cases you can be arrested for lying to a police officer, especially when the false information concerns a crime or a currently active investigation. The charges associated, known collectively as Giving False Information, can range from misdemeanors to full blown felonies, and many come with both financial penalties and possible jail time.

Giving False Information charges can be difficult or even next to impossible to successfully dismiss if you try to take on Florida’s legal system alone. Your best bet at a favorable court outcome is to hire a criminal defense lawyer to review the details of your case and properly defend you in court.

When Is Lying to Police a Crime?

While you should never falsify information or otherwise lie to law enforcement, not every situation in which you didn’t give the proper information will get you arrested. Florida Statute 837.055 defines lying to the police as “knowingly and willfully giving false information to a law enforcement officer who is conducting a missing person investigation or a felony criminal investigation with the intent to mislead the officer or impede the investigation”.

So, if you accidentally give inaccurate information or don’t tell the truth while chatting with the police about the weather or something else unrelated to the specific case being investigated, it’s not necessarily a crime and you would not be charged with Giving False Information. However, if you knowingly lie while being asked about the commission of a crime and provide incorrect information, in an attempt to try and keep a friend or family member out of trouble, it’s a criminal offense that could get you arrested and charged. This tactic is an almost surefire way to end up with possible prison time or hefty fines and should be avoided at all costs.

Similarly, if the police ask for details regarding a case currently being investigated, such as a missing persons case, you could be arrested for providing false information or lying in an effort to draw out or otherwise impede the investigation process. Whether you purposely give the wrong information or claim you don’t have any information when you do, you’re committing a crime under Florida law and, if caught, will have to suffer the legal and personal fallout for that choice. The best way to avoid this is invoke your right to remain silent and and to have the proper legal representation in court to tell your side of the story.

What Are the Penalties?

If you lied to the police, you might be worried about the consequences of being arrested and charged. The penalties for this crime vary depending on whether you have prior convictions and how important the information you lied about was, but all charges are serious ones with significant financial, legal and personal implications, and should not be brushed off or treated lightly.

If you give false information about a crime that is not a capital felony and it’s your first offense, you will be charged with a first-degree misdemeanor. This could result in up to one year of jail time or probation plus a $1,000 fine.

If this is your second time being caught lying to police, you’ll be charged with a third-degree felony. This could lead to up to five years in prison or probation plus a $5,000 fine. You would face the same penalties if your lie concerned a capital felony, even if it was your first time caught lying.

What Are Possible Defenses for Lying?

Once you have been formerly charged with Giving False Information and are going through the legal courtroom proceedings, the prosecution must prove that five things occurred during the interrogation or questioning, detailed as follows:

• You knew you were talking to a police officer or other law enforcement official
• The person asking you is currently a police officer or other law enforcement official
• Demonstrably false or inaccurate information was given
• You knew that the information was false or inaccurate
• The information pertained to as is a part of the crime being investigated

The only way to have the charges stick is for all five factors to be true beyond doubt, so if any of them are questionable or open to interpretation, it means that the charges could either be lessened or even dismissed outright.

If you’re accused of lying to the police, you need to hire a Fort Lauderdale criminal defense lawyer to create the right defense strategy for your case. Your legal team can prove that you did not know the information was false or that you did not know that the person you were talking to was a police officer, then the charges or sentence could be lessened or even dismissed. Don’t leave things to chance or enter the courtroom unprepared. Get help from an experienced legal professional immediately to have the best chance of avoiding  or even jail time.

To find out what defense would work best for your case, call our law firm at 954-523-3811 to talk to an attorney about your legal options today in an initial consultation with one of our knowledgeable attorneys.

Discovery is one of the most critical stages in preparing for a trial. This is when the prosecution and defense teams get together to exchange all the information and evidence they have before they present it at the trial. The point of discovery is to make sure neither side feels ambushed or unprepared during the trial, as they should already know what evidence the other side has. The discovery process also allows both the prosecution and defense to prepare for witnesses by giving them the chance to arrange a deposition to hear their statements and ask questions.

If your case is moving toward trial, you should learn the basic facts of the discovery process in Florida and then ask your lawyer any questions you have.

What Do Lawyers Collect During Discovery?

When lawyers begin the discovery phase, they can request access to various documents that could help them prepare the case for trial. This might include police reports, receipts, emails, bills, inspection reports, or other relevant documents. To obtain these documents, the lawyers will often use a subpoena. A subpoena is a court order that requires a person to provide requested evidence, appear at a deposition to testify, or attend a court hearing.

Lawyers can also request interrogatories, which are answers to any questions they have about the details of the case. To submit an interrogatory, a lawyer from the other side will send a list of written questions to the opposing lawyer that they wish to have answered by a specified individual. The written answers to these questions must be returned within a set time limit. The people who answer these questions must write their responses under oath to ensure their validity and accuracy, but their attorney is allowed to help them craft their answers. The number of questions in an interrogatory is limited by court rule, but the exact number varies by jurisdiction.

Additionally, attorneys can use discovery to request that people involved with the case submit depositions. In some cases, plaintiffs or defendants may be asked to undergo mental or physical exams for the purpose of verifying their claims. If certain documents play a key role in your case, your lawyer can request that the documents face an expert examination to ensure that they are genuine. Your Fort Lauderdale criminal defense lawyer will determine what to ask for during discovery based on the details of your case.

What’s the Most Common Method of Discovery?

Among the most valuable tools in discovery is deposition. This is a statement that’s given under oath and out of court. It allows attorneys on both sides to ask questions and get answers from any witness involved in the case, with the responses being recorded on video or a written transcript, or both.

The witness being deposed is known as the deponent. Depositions usually start with an oral examination, after which a lawyer from the opposing side will cross-examine the deponent. All parties are allowed to question the deponent during the proceedings. While both lawyers are present for the deposition, they cannot directly coach the deponent during their deposition and their ability to object to any line of questioning is limited.

When Can Deposition Testimony Be Used at Trial?

The point of a deposition is to ensure both sides know what will be discussed at the trial. However, because depositions are performed out of court, they are generally considered “hearsay” and are inadmissible in court, except in three key situations:

• If the witness contradicts their deposition during their trial testimony.
• If the party makes an admission to something that is against their interests during the deposition, such as admitting to a crime.
• If the witness is unavailable for the trial.

If any of these circumstances occur, then the deposition information becomes relevant and can be admitted for use in the trial.

How Can You Prepare for Your Deposition During Discovery?

A deposition can be nerve-wracking for many people, but your defense lawyer can help you prepare so you can face the process with confidence. Before you attend the deposition, they will likely discuss the rules governing the proceedings, what documents you will likely be seeing, potential questions you may face, and general guidance on how to answer those questions and conduct yourself in the courtroom.

Some tips for a successful deposition include:

• Tell the truth: Be honest, but do not guess at answers if you are unsure. It is ok to say, “I don’t know” when you are uncertain.
• Do not volunteer information: Only provide the information that directly pertains to the question. If there is a long silence after your reply, stay calm. Some lawyers use silence as a technique to make deponents uncomfortable so they continue sharing information.
• Remain polite and composed: A deposition is the opposing lawyer’s chance to see your demeanor and how you may look on the stand at trial. They may ask personal or uncomfortable questions to check your reactions. Try to stay courteous, even if things become heated.

When Does Discovery Take Place?

Discovery takes place early on in the trial preparation process. However, it’s not the first step, as your lawyer usually focuses on any hearings you have first, such as the arraignment hearing.

After that, your lawyer will start preparing your case for trial, at which point they will request discovery. This process can take anywhere from several weeks up to a few months, as it takes time to gather documents, depositions, exam results, and more.

If you have questions about the discovery phase of trial or any other element of your case, you can get thorough answers from a caring, skilled lawyer when you contact our Fort Lauderdale law office. Call 954-523-3811 to get the legal guidance you deserve.

The terms assault and battery are used together so frequently that people often assume that they are one single criminal offense. However, in Florida, assault and batteries are separate and distinct crimes.

While the potential penalties for assault and battery offenses can vary depending on the type of degree of the charges in question, the consequences of a conviction are often significant. In addition to the possibility of steep fines and jail or prison time, being convicted of these kinds of serious crimes can continue to negatively impact you, your family, your opportunities, and your future even after you’ve completed your sentence.

Are you or someone you love the subject of an assault or battery investigation? Have you or a loved one been arrested for, or charged with, one or more of these offenses? Don’t risk letting a mistake or a misunderstanding destroy your life.

Learning how the Florida law defines these crimes, as well as how they differ and the punishments you could face if convicted is vital. Here’s what you need to know about assault and battery cases in the Sunshine State, including why hiring an experienced criminal defense attorney is your best chance for avoiding a conviction or the most severe penalties at sentencing.

Florida Assault Charges

Think you know what constitutes an assault in Florida? You might be surprised. While people often think of an assault as a physical attack, that isn’t at all how it’s defined under the law. In fact, it’s the exact opposite. Assaults, according to state statutes, are intentional, unlawful verbal or physical threats of harm to another person. These crimes also require that the person making the threats have the apparent ability to carry them out, as well as act in a way that instills a well-founded fear of imminent violence. Charged as second-degree misdemeanors, assault convictions can result in an up to $500 fine or up to 60 days in jail.

Aggravated Assault

When an assault involves the use of a deadly weapon (without the intent to kill) or with the intent to commit a felony offense, the charge can be upgraded to aggravated assault, which means the possible punishments become more severe. Instead of a second-degree misdemeanor, a $500 maximum fine, and up to two months in jail, aggravated assault is a third-degree felony charge that carries the potential for an up to $5,000 fine and an up to five-year prison sentence.

Battery Charges in the Sunshine State

Under the law, what many people consider assault—intentional, unwanted physical contact or intentionally causing physical harm—is actually battery, a separate, but often related offense. Intention and physical contact play key roles in a battery charge. If you purposefully and actually touch another person against their will, you could face a charge of battery, even if the physical contact was relatively minor. Battery is a first-degree misdemeanor offense that can result in an up to $1,000 fine and up to one year in jail.

Aggravated Battery

As with assault charges, certain aggravating factors can lead to more serious charges and penalties for battery crimes. In Florida, you could face aggravated battery charges, which are second-degree felony offenses, if:

• You used a deadly weapon in the commission of the crime
• The victim was pregnant
• You intentionally caused great bodily harm, permanent disability, or disfigurement

An aggravated battery conviction carries a maximum fine of up to $10,000, as well as up to 15 years in prison.

Cases Can Involve One—Or Both—Types of Offenses

While assault and battery are separate and distinct crimes, it is not uncommon for a case to involve charges for both types of offenses. These are instances in which threats (assaults) are followed by actual unwanted physical contact (batteries).

Conversely, in some cases, you could be charged with one crime, but not the other. For example, if the victim was approached from behind and didn’t have a chance to anticipate the unwanted contact and become frightened, a battery charge would be appropriate, while an assault charge would not be. Why? Because assaults require threats and actions that indicate imminent harm.

Florida Assault and Battery Defenses

Assault and battery are serious charges, which makes having an experienced attorney and strong defense especially important. Common defense strategies in Florida assault and battery cases include:

• Arguing that law enforcement investigators or the prosecutor lacks sufficient evidence to prove the offense
• Showing that the contact was unintentional or accidental
• Proving that the actions in question were taken in self-defense, in defense of someone else, or while defending property
• Providing evidence that the alleged victim agreed to or participated in the physical contact

While the above strategies are routinely used in assault and battery cases, only a knowledgeable and highly skilled criminal attorney can determine the right defense for your unique situation.

You Deserve an Adept Defense

If you’re facing assault or battery charges, it’s easy to feel hopeless, overwhelmed, intimidated, or even frightened. Fortunately, skillful legal counsel is available and you’ve come to just the right firm for help.

At George Reres Law, we proudly fight to protect our clients’ rights and defend their future against harsh penalties and the long-lasting stigma of a criminal conviction. After we review and accept your case, we can:

• Approach the prosecutor with mitigating information in an effort to prevent charges, or get them dropped or reduced
• Gather and analyze essential evidence
• Interview witnesses
• Consult various experts
• Negotiate or evaluate potential plea deals
• Keep you apprised of what’s happening in your case, as well as your options at each stage
• Make sure your rights are not violated during the criminal court process
• Much, much more

Schedule a Discreet Consultation

Ready to find out what George Reres Law can do for you? Contact us today to schedule an appointment for a confidential consultation.

Robbery is a particularly serious offense that can carry significant and long-lasting consequences upon conviction. Are you or someone you love being investigated for robbery or theft in the Sunshine State? Have you or a loved one been arrested for—or charged with one of these crimes?

There’s far too much at stake to face a criminal investigation or prosecution unprepared or alone. Fortunately, you don’t have to. Learning what various charges mean, as well as how a conviction could leave your life unrecognizable, can help you make sense of this precarious situation and chart a wise path forward. Here’s what you should know about Florida robbery and theft cases, including why you should consult and hire an experienced criminal defense attorney as early in the process as possible.

How Thefts and Burglaries Differ From Robberies

While thefts, robberies, and burglaries can all involve unlawfully taking someone else’s property, these crimes actually have separate and distinct meanings under the law. Here’s a brief overview of the three types of offenses and the differences between them:

• Burglary. This offense doesn’t necessarily require taking another person’s property. Instead, Florida statutes define it as unlawfully entering a dwelling (a building intended for lodging), structure, or vehicle (or remaining inside surreptitiously or after the permission to be there was withdrawn) with the intent to commit a crime.
• Theft. Unlike burglary, theft does specifically involve taking someone else’s property, either with the intent to temporarily or permanently deprive the owner of the right to the property and its benefits, or appropriate it for their own use or use by another unauthorized person. Potential penalties for theft convictions can vary dramatically depending on the type and value of the stolen property.
• Robbery. Like theft, robbery involves taking money or other property from someone (or from their custody) with the intent to temporarily or permanently deprive them of it. However, unlike theft and burglary, robbery specifically involves the use of force, violence, assault, or fear. It is this use of violence—or the threat of violence—that distinguishes robbery from related crimes.

Types of Robbery Charges

Strong Arm Robbery—which involves taking money or property from another person through the use of force, violence, assault, or threat—is what most people think of in response to hearing that someone was robbed or charged with a robbery. However, it is just one of several types of robbery crimes outlined in the Florida criminal code. Here’s a look at what each type of charge means and what you could face if convicted.

Strong Arm Robbery

As a second-degree felony, Strong Arm Robbery is punishable by the following penalties (or a combination thereof):

• Up to $10,000 in fines
• Up to 15 years in prison
• Up to 15 years probation

Robbery by Sudden Snatching

Defined as purposefully and unlawfully taking money or property from another person’s body, Robbery by Sudden Snatching is a third-degree felony that can result in up to $5,000 in fines, up to five years in prison, up to 15 years probation, or a combination of penalties. This type of robbery charge does not require the use of violence, force, or fear-inducing threats. Examples of Robbery by Sudden Snatching include picking someone’s pocket or grabbing a purse and running away.

Robbery With a Deadly Weapon

When someone takes money or property from another person using force, violence, assault, or threats while in possession of a deadly weapon, Robbery With a Deadly Weapon charges may result. (A deadly weapon is something that is used or threatened to be used in a way likely to inflict great bodily harm or death.) You could face this charge even if you didn’t actually use the weapon in question to carry out the crime—just possessing the weapon during the commission of the crime is sufficient. As a first-degree felony, Robbery With a Deadly Weapon is an especially serious offense, resulting in a minimum of 34 ½ months in prison (unless you qualify for a downward departure), as well as:

• Up to $10,000 in fines
• Up to 30 years in prison
• Up to 30 years probation

A combination of penalties is also possible.

Robbery With a Firearm

This robbery charge is characterized by the involvement of a gun. As with Robbery With a Deadly Weapon, a Robbery With a Firearm charge doesn’t require the gun to be used to commit the crime—just that it was in your possession during the unlawfully taking of money or property from someone else through the use of force, violence, assault, or threats. This first-degree felony has a minimum mandatory sentence of 48 months in prison. In some cases, the mandatory minimum could be even longer due to the 10/20/Life Firearm Enhancement. Additional penalties may include up to $15,000 fines, up to life in prison, up to life on probation, or a combination of these punishments.

Home Invasion Robbery

When someone enters a dwelling with the intent to take money or property from the occupants through the use of force, violence, assault, or fear, Home Invasion Robbery charges may result. As a third-degree felony, conviction carries a minimum of 34 ½ months in prison, as well as:

• Up to $10,000 in fines
• Up to 30 years in prison
• Up to 30 years probation

Carjacking

A carjacking is a robbery in which a person unlawfully takes another person’s vehicle using force, violence, assault, or threats. This is a first-degree felony subject to sentencing enhancements. Possible penalties include a minimum of 21 months in prison, in addition to up to $10,000 in fines, up to 30 years in prison, and up to 30 years probation.

How Florida’s 10-20-Life Law Could Affect Your Robbery Case

Did the robbery in question include a firearm or other “destructive device?” Your case may qualify for the 10-20-Life rule, which imposes escalating mandatory minimum prison sentences of:

• 10 years for possessing a firearm or destructive device during the commission of a robbery
• 20 years for discharging or using the gun or device
• 25 years (to life) if the use of the firearm or device resulted in serious injury or death

You Deserve a Strong Defense

Let the exceptional legal team at George Reres Law fight for your rights and future. We can:

• Approach the prosecutor with mitigating information
• Fight to prevent you from being charged, get your charges reduced, or get your case dismissed
• Gather valuable evidence
• Interview witnesses
• Consult experts
• Serve as your tireless legal advocate each and every step of the way

Request a Confidential Consultation

Contact George Reres Law today to schedule a discrete consultation to discuss your Florida robbery case, as well as your legal rights and options.

Have you or a loved one been arrested for, or charged with, reckless driving in Florida? This isn’t the kind of situation you can get out of by paying a traffic ticket. That’s because reckless driving isn’t a minor traffic violation in the Sunshine State—it is a serious criminal offense.

Charged as a felony or misdemeanor, a conviction for reckless driving can result in fines, imprisonment, or both. It can also negatively affect your auto insurance rates and driving privileges. And if you’re convicted of a felony reckless driving charge, the consequences—and stigma—can follow you for the rest of your life, limiting your employment, education, and housing opportunities.

Don’t let a mistake or misunderstanding threaten to define who you are or dictate your future. Professional representation near you for traffic offenses to contest your citation is absolutely essential. Here’s what you should know about Florida reckless driving cases, including how the skilled defense team at George Reres Law can help you protect your rights and fight to avoid harsh penalties.

Defining Reckless Driving

Florida law defines reckless driving as operating a motor vehicle in a way that demonstrates a “willful or wanton” disregard for safety. When the state charges someone with reckless driving, it alleges that the accused drove a vehicle with conscious and purposeful indifference to the consequences that people or property would likely suffer as a result of their actions.

Reckless driving endangers everyone on the road. What makes it so dangerous? Research shows that engaging in reckless driving reduces reaction time by half, making it difficult to avoid hazards that could lead to crashes.

Reckless Driving Examples

Florida law doesn’t specifically spell out what is—and isn’t—reckless driving. Instead, reckless driving is more of an umbrella term that covers a wide range of hazardous behind-the-wheel behaviors. Examples of reckless driving include:

• Fleeing a law enforcement officer
• Drag racing
• Excessive speeding (when combined with other factors)

While speeding plays a significant role in many reckless driving incidents, convictions for these offenses can’t be based solely on evidence of excessive speeding. However, speed, coupled with any of the following factors may support a reckless driving charge or conviction:

• Consuming intoxicating substances
• Weaving in and out of traffic
• Driving the wrong way or in the middle of the road
• Failing to watch for pedestrians or bicyclists
• Driving through crowded residential neighborhoods
• Putting children at risk
• Tailgating the preceding vehicle
• Passing improperly
• Failing to slow down before impact
• Disregarding traffic control devices

Potential Penalties

The penalties for a reckless driving conviction depend heavily on the number of previous offenses, as well as whether the incident resulted in bodily injury or property damages. Here’s what you need to know.

First Offense

As a second-degree misdemeanor, a conviction for reckless driving can result in a combination of any of the following penalties:

• An up to $500 fine
• Up to 90 days in jail
• Up to six months of probation

Second or Subsequent Offense

Reckless driving is also charged as a second-degree misdemeanor if you have a prior conviction. However, the potential penalties increase. Upon conviction, you could face a combination of these consequences:

• Fines between $50 and $500
• Up to six months in jail
• Up to six months of probation

Property Damage or Injury

The severity of the charge and possible penalties increase significantly when the reckless driving incident in question involves injuries to property or people. As a second-degree misdemeanor, if convicted of these offenses you could potentially receive a combination of the following penalties:

• Up to $1,000 fine
• Up to 12 months in jail
• Up to one year of probation

Serious Bodily Injury

Reckless driving charges and penalties increase even further when the offense results in serious bodily injury. Unlike other reckless driving charges, which are misdemeanors, reckless driving causing serious bodily injury is a third-degree felony, punishable by any combination of these consequences:

• An up to $5,000
• Up to five years in prison
• Five years of probation

Conviction Can Affect Your Driving Privileges

The Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles uses a point system to keep track of traffic violations. These points can come from traffic-related offenses big and small, from minor moving violations to reckless driving—and “collecting” too many of them can result in the suspension of your drivers license or cause your car insurance rates to skyrocket.

As a criminal traffic violation, reckless driving can add four points to your drivers license. That may not sound like much, but these points can add up quickly—and if your license is suspended, the length of the suspension is based on how many points you’ve accrued in a given period of time. For example:

• Earning 12 points in 12 months – 30 day suspension
• Earning 18 points in 18 months – 3 month suspension
• Earning 24 points in 36 months – 1 year suspension

Don’t Underestimate the Value of a Strong Criminal Defense

Reckless driving charges aren’t something you can handle on your own. If you or someone you love are facing prosecution for misdemeanor or felony reckless driving, you need a tenacious defense attorney by your side—and the sooner you reach out for assistance, the better. In addition to helping you understand and protect your legal rights, hiring an attorney early in the process may even allow you to resolve a precarious situation before it spirals out of control.

Ready to find out how George Reres Law can come to your defense? Take action to protect your future.

Schedule a Consultation

Contact us today to arrange an appointment for a confidential consultation regarding your Florida reckless driving case.

Finding yourself suspected of a crime or facing criminal charges can be frightening. This is particularly true when the incident in question involves a homicide, or the killing of one human by another.

Not only are homicide-related crimes among the most serious offenses under Florida law, but they carry some of the harshest possible penalties. As a result, law enforcement agencies and the criminal court system tend to pull out all the stops when it comes to investigating and prosecuting such cases, assigning seasoned detectives and prosecutors, and dedicating considerable resources. This might be great for district attorney conviction rates, but it can leave suspects, defendants, and their families at a serious disadvantage.

Have you (or someone you love) been named a person of interest in a homicide investigation, or charged with murder or manslaughter? Here’s what you should know about homicide cases in the Sunshine State, including how a skilled defense attorney can help level the playing field, and fight to protect your rights, your freedom, and your future.

Homicide Doesn’t Always Mean Murder

While people often use the terms “homicide” and “murder” interchangeably, they actually have separate and distinct meanings under the law. For example, “homicide” doesn’t necessarily mean “murder”—it is simply the legal term used when a human being causes the death of another human being.

Homicides don’t always lead to criminal charges. In some cases, such as in defense of self or others, a homicide may be excusable or even justified. After law enforcement conducts an investigation into the incident, the district attorney will decide whether murder or manslaughter charges are warranted.

Murder Charges in Florida

Whereas homicide is the killing of a human being by another human being, Florida law defines murder as the unlawful killing of a human being. The state has three degrees of murder. How a homicide is charged largely depends on the circumstances of the crime. The degree of your murder charge can dramatically affect how your case is handled and the penalties you could face if convicted. What follows is a brief overview of types of murder charges, including what the state has to prove, and how the degree of the charge could impact sentencing.

First-Degree Murder

A capital felony, first-degree murder is the most serious type of murder charge, punishable by up to $10,000 in fines, life in prison without the possibility of parole, or the death penalty.

A homicide may lead to a charge of murder in the first degree if it was intentional and involved “malice aforethought,” meaning that the crime was committed after a period of planning and reflection. The law doesn’t specify what length of deliberation constitutes premeditation. Depending on the circumstances, minutes—or even seconds—may be sufficient justification for a first-degree murder charge.

Suspects could also face first-degree murder charges if the homicide in question happened during the commission (or attempted commission) of other serious crimes, such as:

• Burglary
• Robbery
• Arson
• Home invasion
• Drug trafficking
• Kidnapping
• Carjacking
• Sexual battery
• Resisting an Officer with violence
• Aggravated fleeing or eluding
• Human trafficking
• Aggravated stalking
• Aggravated child abuse
• Aggravated abuse of a disabled adult or elderly person
• Certain types of drug offenses

Second-Degree Murder

Second-degree murder is a homicide that occurs in the heat of passion or as the result of an action that shows reckless disregard for human life. The state doesn’t have to show that premeditation—or even the intent to kill—was involved. A conviction for murder in the second degree can carry up to 30 years in prison. However, the state may opt to pursue life imprisonment if it feels that the circumstances of the crime warrant a longer sentence.

Third-Degree Murder

Third-degree murder is an unintentional unlawful homicide that occurs during the commission (or attempted commission) of a non-violent felony offense. A second-degree felony, potential penalties for a third-degree murder conviction include up to $10,000 in fines, between 10 1/3 and 15 years in prison, and an additional 15 years probation.

Florida Manslaughter Charges

Under Florida law, manslaughter is a second-degree felony, punishable by up to $10,000 in fines, up to 15 years in prison, and 15 years of probation. A lack of malice, premeditation, or a reckless disregard for human life is what differentiates manslaughter from murder.

Manslaughter crimes can be categories as voluntary or involuntary. Common manslaughter charges include:

• Manslaughter by Act. A type of voluntary manslaughter, this charge is filed when an inexcusable and unjustified intentional action causes the death of another person.
• Manslaughter by Procurement. Another type of voluntary manslaughter, this charge may be appropriate in cases where someone persuades, induces, or encourages another person to commit an action that results in the death of a third party.
• Manslaughter by Culpable Negligence. This involuntary manslaughter charge alleges that a defendant engaged in criminally negligent conduct that resulted in another person’s death.

Having trouble distinguishing between certain degrees of murder and manslaughter? You’re not alone. The line between these crimes isn’t always clear—which is why hiring an experienced murder defense attorney who can advocate for your rights and interests is absolutely vital to ensuring the best possible outcome.

You Deserve a Strong Defense

At George Reres Law, P.A., we know that life doesn’t always go according to plan—and it doesn’t take much for you to find yourself on the wrong side of the law, fighting for your freedom and your family’s future. You deserve a vigorous defense and you’ve come to just the right place for help. With extensive courtroom—and life—experience, our firm capably handles even the most complex murder and manslaughter cases.

Schedule a Consultation

The state has to prove your guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. Don’t sit idly by while the criminal court system gears up for its next big win. The sooner you involve us in your case, the sooner we can get to work gathering the evidence needed to combat these charges. Contact us today to schedule a confidential consultation with a member of our exceptional legal team.